Tuwalakum are a class of Hopi kachinas that act as either guards or warriors.
When these Hopi kachinas appear individually they function more as sergeants-at-arms or policemen. In this role they either enforce an action such as the communal cleaning of springs or as a guard to prevent the approach of anyone or anything to the proximity of a location or ceremony. However, with the passing of years many of these functions have been lost as springs are converted to water systems and trails or roads become the province of highway departments.[1]
List of Guard or Warrior Kachinas[]
The guard or warrior kachinas include:
- Crow Man (Angwus)
- Broadface (Wuyak-kuita)
- Wupamo (Also a Chief kachina)
- Hilili (Also a Whipper kanchina)
- Warrior Maiden (He-e-e or He-wuhti)
| Hopi mythology | |
|---|---|
| Main Gods | God of the Spring (Aholi) • Spirit of Plants (Angak China Mana) • Spirit of Weather (Eototo) • War Spirit (Hototo) • Spirit of Food (Karwan) • God of Fertility (Kokopelli) • Spirit of Food (Mana) • Spirit of Bees (Momo) • Spirit of Discipline (Nataska) • God of Creation (Sotuknang) • God of Creation (Taiowa) • Sun god (Tawa) |
| Main Goddesses | Goddess of Creation (Huruing Wuhti) • Spider Goddess of Creation (Kokyangwuti) • Butterfly Maiden (Palhik Mana) |
| Ogres | Giant Ogre (Chaveyo) • Black Ogre (Nataska) • Ogre Woman (Soyok Wuhti) • Ogre (Soyok’mana) |
| Guards (Tuwalakum) | Crow Man (Angwus) • Broadface (Wuyak-kuita) • Wupamo (Also a Chief kachina)• Hilili (Also a Whipper kanchina)• Warrior Maiden (He-e-e or He-wuhti) |
| Runners (Wawash) | Fox • Road Runner (Hospoa) • Rattle Runner (Aya) • Red Kilt Runner (Palavitkuna) • Squash (Patung) • Chili Pepper (Tsil) • Sikya Heheya |
| Chiefs (Mongwi) | Wupamo (also a Guard) • Mastop • Aholi • Red Tail Hawk (Palakwayo) |
| Females (Momoyam) | Butterfly Maiden (Palhik Mana) • Corn Maiden (Kachin Mana) • White Corn maiden (Angak Chin Mana or Kocha Mana) • Warrior Maiden (He-e-e or He-wuhti) • Cloud Maiden (Shalako Mana) • Grandmother (Hahai-i Wuhti) |
| Animals (Popkot) | Antelope (Chop/Sowi-ing) • Fox Dancer (Letaiyo) • Great Horned Owl (Mongwu) • White Bear (Hon) • Turkey (Koyona) • Deer Dancer (Sowi-ingwa) • Badger (Honan) • Cow (Wakas) • Buffalo (Mosairu) • White Buffalo (Köcha Mosairu) |
| Laughter | Kwikwilyaqa • Hopi Clowns (Koshari) |
| Other Kachinas | Crow Mother (Angwus-hahai-ie) • Hemis • Masau • Scorpion (Puchkofmoktaka) • Cricket (Susöpa) • Spotted Corn (Avachhoya) • Eagle (Kwahu) • Lizard (Manangya) |