- This article is about the Spartan king. For the Athenian shepherd, see Icarius (Athenian).
In Greek mythology, Icarius (Ancient Greek: Ἰκάριος Ikários) was the king of Sparta and a champion runner.
He was the son of Oebalus and brother of Tyndareus and Hippocoon, all of whom were also kings. He was co-king with Tyndareus during his brother's second reign. He was the father of Penelope, wife of Odysseus. His wife was Dorodoche, granddaughter of the river-god Alpheus.
Mythology[]
Hippocoon, a natural son of Oebalus, expelled his two brothers, Tyndareus and Icarius, from Lacedaemon: they fled to Thestius at Pleuron, and dwelt beyond the river Achelous. Subsequently, when Heracles had slain Hippocoon and his sons, Tyndareus returned to Sparta, while Icarius remained in Acarnania. According to Apollodorus, however, Icarius also returned.[1] Another tradition relates that Icarius, who sided with Hippocoon, assisted him in expelling Tyndareus from Sparta.[2] While in Acarnania, Icarius became the father of the above progeny.
Icarius was a Spartan king and a champion runner who would not allow anyone to marry his daughter unless he beat him in a race. Odysseus succeeded and married Penelope,[3] but according to others, Tyndareus sued for the hand of Penelope for Odysseus, from gratitude for a piece of advice which Odysseus had given him.[4] After they got married, Icarius tried to persuade Odysseus to remain in Sparta. He did leave with Penelope, but Icarius followed them, imploring his daughter to stay. Odysseus told her she must choose whether to be with her father or with her husband. Penelope did not answer, but modestly covered her face with a veil. Icarius correctly understood that this was a sign of her will to leave with Odysseus, let them go and erected a statue of Aidos (Modesty) on the spot.[5] Icarius was apparently still alive at the time of the events of the Odyssey.
Family[]
Icarius was the son of either Perieres of Messenia and Gorgophone[6] or of Oebalus and Bateia[7] and thus brother of Hippocoon and Tyndareus. By the naiad Periboea, he became the father of Penelope, Perileos, Thoas, Damasippus, Imeusimus, Aletes and Iphthime.[8] According to other traditions, the mother of Penelope, Alyzeus and Leucadius was Polycaste, daughter of Lygaeus.[9]
His other possible wives were Dorodoche (daughter of Ortilochus) and Asterodia (daughter of Eurypylus).[10] The latter was said to have born him the following children:
- Polymelos, Damasiclus (Amasiclus), Penelope and Laodice;[11] or
- Amasichus, Phalereus, Thoon, Pheremmelias, Perilaos, Penelope and Laodamia (also called Mede or Hypsipyle).[12]
In some accounts, Icarius was the father of Elatus who fathered Taenarus by Erymede, daughter Damasiclus.[13] Otherwise, Taenarus was called Icarius’ son with no mention of the birth mother.[14]
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| Preceded by: Hippocoon |
Co-King of Sparta
(with Tyndareus) |
Succeeded by Menelaus |
References[]
- ↑ Apollodorus, 3.10.5
- ↑ Pausanias, 3.1.4; Eustathius ad Homer, Odyssey p. 293; Scholia ad Euripides, Orestes 447
- ↑ Pausanias, 3.12.2
- ↑ Apollodorus, 3.10.9
- ↑ Pausanias, 3.20.10-11
- ↑ Apollodorus, 1.9.5 & 3.10.3; Tzetzes on Lycophron, 511
- ↑ Apollodorus, 3.10.4
- ↑ Apollodorus, 3.10.3-6
- ↑ Strabo, 10.2.24
- ↑ Scholia ad Homer, Odyssey 15.16
- ↑ Scholia ad Homer, Odyssey 1.275 & 277
- ↑ Scholia ad Homer, Odyssey 4.797
- ↑ Scholia ad Apollonius Rhodius, 1.120
- ↑ Stephanus of Byzantium, s.v. Tainaros