Eros (Ancient Greek: Ἔρως), in Greek mythology, was the Primordial God of love, physical desires, sexual attractions, procreation and passion. His Roman counterpart was Cupid ("desire"), also known as Amor ("love"). In some myths, he was the son of the deities Aphrodite and Ares, but according to Plato's Symposium, he was conceived by Poros (Plenty) and Penia (Poverty) at Aphrodite's birthday. Like Dionysus, he was sometimes referred to as Eleutherios, "the liberator".
Etymology[]
The Greek ἔρως, éros meaning 'desire' comes from the verb ἔραμαι, éramai and in infinitive form ἐρᾶσθαι, erãsthai 'to desire, love', itself of uncertain etymology. The linguist R. S. P. Beekes speculates a Pre-Greek origin.
In Mythology[]
Conception[]
Throughout Greek thought, there appear to be two sides to the conception of Eros.
In the first, he is a primeval deity who embodies not only the force of erotic love but also the creative urge of ever-flowing nature, the firstborn Light for the coming into being and ordering of all things in the cosmos. In Hesiod's Theogony, the most famous Greek creation myth, Eros sprang forth from the primordial Khaos together with Gaea, the Earth, and Tartarus, the underworld; according to Aristophanes' play The Birds (c. 414 BC), he burgeons forth from an egg laid by Nyx (Night) conceived with Erebus (Darkness). In the Eleusinian Mysteries, he was worshiped as Protogonus, the first-born.
Alternately, later in antiquity, Eros was the son of Aphrodite and either Ares (most commonly), Hermes, or Hephaestus. Rarely, he was given as the son of Iris and Zephyrus; this Eros was an attendant to Aphrodite, harnessing the primordial force of love and directing it into mortals.
Worship of Eros was uncommon in early Greece, but eventually became widespread. He was fervently worshiped by a fertility cult in Thespiae, and played an important role in the Eleusinian Mysteries. In Athens, he shared a very popular cult with Aphrodite, and the fourth day of every month was sacred to him.
Patron of Male Love[]
According to tradition which was made by Eratosthenes, Eros was principally the patron of male love, while Aphrodite ruled the love between men and women. Meleager records this role in a poem preserved in the Greek Anthology: "a woman hurls the fire that maddens men for women; but Eros himself sways the passion for males." (Mousa Paidiké, 86)
Eros and Psyche[]
The story of Eros and Psyche has a longstanding tradition as a folktale of the ancient Greco-Roman world long before it was put to print; first seen in Apuleius' Latin novel, The Golden Ass, this is apparent and an interesting intermingling of character roles. The novel itself is picaresque Roman style, yet Psyche and Aphrodite retain their Greek parts. It is only Eros whose role hails from his part in the Roman pantheon.
Cupid and Psyche[]
The story is told as a digression and structural parallel to the main storyline of Apuleius' novel. It tells of the struggle for love and trust between Eros and Psyche, whose name is difficult to appropriately translate as it transcends both the Greek and Latin language, but can be taken to mean "soul", "mind" or rather both. Aphrodite is jealous of the beauty of mortal Psyche, as men are leaving her altars barren to worship a mere human woman instead, and so commands her son Eros to cause Psyche to fall in love with the ugliest creature on earth. Eros falls in love with Psyche himself and spirits her away to his home. Their fragile peace is ruined by a visit of Psyche's jealous sisters, who cause Psyche to betray the trust of her husband. Wounded, Eros departs from his wife and Psyche wanders the earth, looking for her lost love.
In Apuleius' The Golden Ass, Psyche bears Eros a daughter, Voluptas, whose name means "pleasure" or sex.
Powers & Abilities[]
As the son of Aphrodite, Eros is very powerful. He is the most powerful member of the Erotes.
- Love Empowerment
- Love Manipulation
- Love Detection
- Love Inducement
- Love Magic
- Love Bow Construction
- Love Arrows
- Indomitable Love
- Passion Manipulation
- Desire Manipulation
- Immortality
- Remote control/Telekinesis
- Shapeshift
- Animal Morphing
- Human Morphing
- Enhanced Archery
- Spell Artillery
The Erotes[]
An eros is singular (pluralised as erotes) also known as a cupid and an amor (plural: amores) in Roman mythology are a group of angel-like male spirits or deities of love.
Hermaphroditus is the only hermaphroditic member of the Erotes.
Gallery[]
Videos[]
References[]
Deities in Greek mythology | |
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Protogenoi | Chaos • Gaia • Tartarus • Uranus • Erebos • Nyx • Aether • Hemera • Eros • Oceanus • Pontus • Thalassa |
Titans | Atlas • Cronus • Mnemosyne • Prometheus • Rhea • Tethys • Themis • Metis • Hecate • Eos • Helios • Selene |
Twelve Olympians | Zeus • Hera • Demeter • Hestia • Poseidon • Ares • Artemis • Apollo • Athena • Hermes • Hephaestus • Aphrodite • Dionysus |
Daemones | Bia • Dike • Eris • Hebe • Hygieia • Hypnos • Nemesis • Nike • Phobos • Poena • Soteria • Thanatos |
Protogenoi | |
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Hesiodic Theogony | Kháos • Gaîa • Tártaros • Eros • Nyx • Erebus • Ouranós • Ourea • Póntos • Aether • Hemera |
Orphic Theogony | Hydros • Thesis • Physis • Phanes • Ananke • Chronos |
Miscellaneous Accounts | Thalassa • Oceanus • Tethys • Thetis • Achlys • Caligo |