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Auxo or Auxesia (Greek: Αυξω or Αυξησια, from αὐξάνειν (auxanein) meaning "growth, to increase"), was the Greek goddess of Growth. She is considered both one of the Horae and one of the Charities/Graces (esp. in Athens).

In some cases, Auxesia/Auxo was an epithet of Persephone, the goddess of Spring Growth.

Myths & Legends[]

Auxo is a goddess who grants growth and prosperity to fields.

She was primarily worshipped around Athens, and in the Argolis region (containing the cities of Argos, Troezen, and Epidaurus, among others). In Athens she was worshipped alongside Hegemone as a Charis and with Thallo and Carpho as a Horae, while in Argolis she was paired with Damia (of the Land).

Argive Auxo[]

The earliest Horae are found in Argos, two Horae, rather than three, were recognized and worshipped, they are presumably represented as winter and summer: Auxesia (possibly another name for Auxo) and Damia (possibly another name for Carpho).

Athenian Auxo[]

In Athens, Auxo is both worshipped as a Horae and as a Charis/Grace. As a Horae, Auxo is worshipped alongside Thallo and Carpho, where they both represent as Summer, Spring, and Autumn respectively. And is the protector of vegetation and plants, and growth and fertility.

As a Charis, Auxo is worshipped alongside Hegemone as Athens' two Charites. Auxo is the Charis of Spring and Hegemone is the Charis of Autumn.

Auxo

Horae Auxo by Peter Nixon c. 2012

Euhemerist Origin[]

Argolis (specifically the Argives) described Auxesia and Damia as Cretan maidens, probably priestesses, who may have been elevated to divinity following their martyrdom at the hands of local peasants.

According to a legend in Troezen, there was once an insurrection. Two Cretan maidens, named Auxesia and Damia (the latter perhaps representing Demeter) were stoned to death. Afterwards, the Troezenians paid divine honours to them, and instituted the festival of the Lithobolia (Greek: Λιθοβολια, meaning "Stoning").[1]

Famine in Epidaurus[]

Long ago, the people of Epidaurus were unable to grow any food. As such, they went to the oracle at Delphi, asking what to do, and she told them to set up statues of Damia and Auxesia. When they asked what the statues should be made of the priestess told them to make it out of olive wood. As such, "the men of Epidaurus asked the Athenians to permit them to cut down some olive trees, supposing the olives there to be the holiest. Indeed it is said that at that time there were no olives anywhere save at Athens." [2]

The people of Athens agreed to give the trees, so long as they paid yearly tribute to Athena and their king, Erechtheus. Agreeing to the demand, the Epidaurians were able to make the wooden statues. After setting up Damia and Auxesia, their land brought forth fruit.

Theft of the Statues[]

The people of Aegina (an island sitting between Epidaurus and Athens) were subject to Epidaurus, but after building their own ships the Aeginians revolted from them. During this revolt they stole the statues of Damia and Auxesia and put them in the middle of their own home, then fulfilled certain rites to try and gain the favor of the goddesses. With the statues stolen, the Epidaurians stopped paying tribute to Athens, who tried to steal the statues back from Aegina in order to return Damia and Auxo to Epidaurus (so that the tribute would be paid again). However, while trying to drag the statues out the Athenian thieves were stopped by an earthquake and a thunderstorm. They were then consumed by madness, and all died but one. The Aeginians added to this legend, that the statues, while the Athenians were dragging them down, fell upon their knees, and that they remained in this attitude ever after.

References[]

  1. Pausanias, Description of Greece 2. 32. 2
  2. Herodotus, Histories 5. 82. 1 ff (trans. Godley) (Greek historian C5th B.C.)


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