File:Writing Old Norse in Runes

설명
Writing in runes isn't a simple one-to-one conversion of one letter to one rune. This video shows how Old Norse was written using the runes of the Younger Futhark, and then looks at examples of real inscriptions from the Viking Age. Contents of video and translations of runestones:

0:00 Overview 1:57 Vowels 5:59 Ár (ᛅ) and Áss (ᚬ) 10:24 Consonants 11:15 Reið (ᚱ) and Ýr (ᛦ) 17:34 Sö 101. "Rolef raised this stone for his father, Skarf. He had gone with Ingvar." 26:05 Sö 131. "Spjóti, Halfdan: They raised this stone in memory of Skarđi, their brother. He went east from here with Ingvar. Evind's son lies in Serkland (the Middle East)." 30:05 DR 295. "Áskell placed this stone in memory of Tóki Gormsson, a loyal lord to him, who did not flee at Uppsala. Drengjar (warriors)—the ones who went closest to Tóki Gormsson—placed a stone on a hill in memory of their brother, supported by runes." 37:35 Sö 148. "Thjóđolf, Búi: they raised this stone for Farolf, their father. He was killed east in Garđar (Russia)." 40:29 Vg 59. "Refning and Gjalli and Brynolf and Gefolf placed this stone in memory of Fót, their father, an extremely good thegn (warrior). So has Ása, who [did] as some women will not do in memory of a husband. Hjalm and Hjalli carved the runes." 46:05 U 135. "Ingifast and Eystein and Svein had these stones raised for their father Eystein and they made this bridge and this burial mound."

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