File:The Indo-European Sky Father

The Proto-Indo-Europeans of the Pontic Caspian Steppe and other parts of Eastern Europe in the neolithic worshipped a paternal deity who they called Dyḗus ph₂tḗr “sky father”. With comparative linguistics and comparative mythology we can learn a lot about this ancient god from whom Greek Zeus, Roman Jupiter, Irish Dagda, Vedic Dyáuṣ Pitṛ́ and Norse Odin and many others also derive. In this video I explain what we know about the god’s mythic roles relating to cattle, his relationship to other gods in the Indo-European religion and his association with different animals in later pagan religions.

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Music in order: theme song: Wolcensmen - Sunne Altyn Tuu - Altai Tuva Xurious - Steppe expansion Elegiac - Ashwind interlude Doug Maxwell - Bansure raga Sjhof - path to the temple Ormgård - Sjálfsforn Stark Von Oben - Imperator Halindir - Hedelandet II Kevin McLeod - Dhaka Myling - Töcken Borg - The May queen enters the circle

Sources: Anthony, D., ‘The Horse, the Wheel, and Language’ 2007 Dumezil, G., ‘Mythe et Épopée’ 1973 Dumezil, G., ‘Mitra-Varuna: An Essay on Two Indo-European Representations of Sovereignty’, 1988 Kershaw, K., ‘The one-eyed god: Odin and the (Indo-)Germanic Männerbünde’ (Journal of Indo-European studies monograph) 2000 Lincoln, B., ‘THE INDO-EUROPEAN MYTH OF CREATION’ 1975 Matasović, R., ‘A Reader in Comparative Indo-European Religion’ 2010 Mylonas, G. E., ‘The Eagle of Zeus’ 1946 Puhvel, J., ‘Victimal Hierarchies in Indo-European Animal Sacrifice’: The American Journal of Philology, Autumn, 1978, Vol. 99, No. 3 (Autumn, 1978), pp. 354-362 Puhvel, J., ‘Comparative Mythology’ 1987

00:00 Intro 01:34 Indo-Europeans and their beliefs 03:55 Comparative mythology 05:00 Linguistics 07:55 Identifying the sky father 11:15 Indo-European cosmogenesis 14:24 Celestial vs Terrestrial and Hieros Gamos 16:24 Sovereign gods 17:15 Zeus 18:34 Horse twins 19:49 Sacrificial beasts 22:28 Bulls 23:21 Eagles 24:52 Wolves 26:25 Conclusion